Every attorney’s house on the line of march reportedly was destroyed.If the Jacquerie 23 years earlier had been an explosion without a program, the Peasants’ Revolt arose out of a developing idea of freedom. The alliance of the Church with the great was plain enough in a bishop’s pastoral letter declaring that spinners could be excommunicated for wasting their wool.
“They do not wish us to breathe or to speak or to have human faces or mix with them in public places.… These men to whom we render forced homage and who feed on our substance have no other thought but to glitter with gold and jewels, to build superb palaces and invent new taxes to oppress the city.” He poured scorn on the cowardice of the merchants, citing in comparison the stalwart citizens of Ghent who at that very moment were in arms against their Count because of taxes.If the cobbler’s eloquence was owed in part to embellishment by the Monk of St. Denis, who recorded it, that only serves to indicate the sympathy of many monastic chroniclers with the plight of the people.
If any trust in a royal pardon still remained, it was because of a quality of sacredness in an anointed king and a profound need to perceive him—as opposed to the lords—as the people’s protector.At this moment Ghent’s startling victory over the Count of Flanders intervened, frightening the propertied class and giving the court urgent reason to settle with Paris. The poor had remained manageable as long as their minimum subsistence could be maintained by charity, but the situation changed when urban populations were swelled by the flotsam of war and plague and infused by a new aggressiveness in the plague’s wake.As the masters became richer, the workers sank to the level of day labor, with little prospect of advancement. Aware of his brothers’ predatory habits, the late King had arranged for the Regency to end when his son was fourteen, but he had died two years too soon.
In his famous prophecy, the friar Jean de Roquetaillade had seen the day coming when “the worms of the earth will most cruelly devour the lions, leopards and wolves … and the little and common folk will destroy all tyrants and traitors.”For the cobbler and his 300 companions, that day was at hand. Meetings of The trial of Jean de Marès followed. But he was marked for destruction by the clergy, whom he openly insulted, and by the University, which he scorned as that “nursery of priests” and whose privileges he combatted and members he arrested on any pretext. All of our days we are tied to the land, While they hunt and they feast and they fight. Richard, with extraordinary nerve, ordering no one to follow, rode forward alone, saying to the rebels, “Sirs, what is it you require?
Fit only to be the “prey of dogs and crows,” the bodies were left unburied, so that for days afterward, the stench of the battlefield was insupportable.While being divested of his armor in his scarlet pavilion, the King expressed a wish to see Artevelde dead or alive. At Wat Tyler’s order, it was to be not looted but destroyed. Peter van den Bossche was struck down, wounded in head and shoulder, but was carried to safety. Anjou took 32 carefully chosen books with silk and enameled bindings and golden clasps, among the most beautiful in the collection, including one entitled Clisson was named Constable and the coronation was hastened to strengthen the authority of the regime.
They had business to settle with Paris.In the first week of January 1383 the royal army halted outside Paris and sent for the Provost and magistrates to assure the capital’s submission. Clisson’s force thundered across, routed the defenders, and completed the capture of Comines. “Ha, that rabble!” Aubriot exclaimed. Jean de Marès and Nicolas de Flament were among 300 substantial citizens arrested. The summoning of an Estates General for November 14 to provide a substitute for the hearth tax intensified public anxiety at the prospect of a new levy. The Monk of St. Denis called them the Through the uplands of Auvergne, as well as in the south, the Tuchins, in bands of 20, 60, or 100, organized a guerrilla warfare against established society. Balked of Gaunt, they flung themselves upon his palace of the Savoy and tore it apart in an orgy of burning and smashing. “Shining and polished arms pleased him more than all the jewels in the world,” and he adored the rituals of chivalry. He was overruled by men still in the pride of their earlier victory over the Count at Bruges and eager for a fight. Although the terms of surrender supposedly exempted towns from pillage, the Bretons could not be restrained. For that the hatred of the Dukes pursued him.
The weavers oppressed the lower-class fullers with as much animus as they directed against the Count.In France, the King’s deathbed promise of abolition of taxes aroused a fever of impatience for its fulfillment. To give the King’s entry into Paris the greatest possibleThey did not suffice.
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