In Virginia's dispute with Maryland over the boundary along the Potomac River, Virginia had argued that long acceptance of the low-water mark should make it the boundary. At the river, they ended up being over 17 miles north of the desired 36° 30' - and, more importantly, north of French Lick. Horse motels along I-81. Reducing Native American-settler conflicts by separating the two groups would limit the number of troops required to protect colonists from Native American raids, and would reduce the costs of negotiating peace treaties on the western edge of English settlement in North America. Bledsoe led the effort to have the Fry-Jefferson boundary extended west from Steep Rock Creek. Pioneer surveyors dragged iron chains west from the Atlantic Ocean, cutting a path through the natural vegetation and documenting the bearings/distances between monuments. The General Assembly divided Augusta County in 1770, forming Botetourt County from its southern half. Neither state could collect taxes effectively, or force residents to join the militia. The Proclamation Line created a "colonial growth boundary," one that would block settlement of territory of great interest to land speculators with influence in Williamsburg. The North Carolina surveyors reached their starting point, started west again, and marked a separate "Henderson Line" from Steep Rock Creek to Cumberland Mountain. Virginia land speculators, including the Ohio Company and Loyal Land Company, benefitted from the victory. The Supreme Court decision confirmed that the long-accepted line would stay the boundary, even if the charter had defined a different line. That commitment reflected the demand for legally-defensible land titles on the edge of settlement. As a result of the disagreement, the two sets of surveyors created two lines, separated by a two-mile gap, for over 100 miles between Steep Rock Creek and Cumberland Gap. This map was created by a user. Map Map showing the line of the Virginia, Tennessee, & Georgia Air Line composed of the Shenandoah Valley R.R., Norfolk & Western R.R. The conflict lasted from 1754-1763. The precedent of repaying Britain for the costs of the French and Indian War could lead to ever-increasing taxes on Americans, taxes that could squeeze the colonists to fund the costs of maintaining/expanding an empire in Ireland, India, and elsewhere. In 1799, North Carolina appointed commissioners to survey the line while Tennessee did not appoint any commissioners. Tennessee officials had their greatest impact on the Virginia-Tennessee border in 1802, and then later lawsuits and political compromises finalized the straight lines, notches and zig-zags in the boundary. They claimed the winners, Anthony Bledsoe and William Cocke, had been elected with the help of voters who lived in North Carolina rather than in Virginia. Having Bristol split between two states results in confusion when Tennessee and Virginia adopt inconsistent state policies. Great Britain had borrowed money to pay for the French and Indian War. They ignored the objections of the North Carolinians and kept surveying what became known as the "Walker Line" to the west. The community of French Lick (now Nashville) was already growing on the Cumberland River. Peace between the Iroquois and the Cherokee would minimize raids that could involve settlers on the western edges of the colonies. The cession was rescinded, and several North Carolina counties west of the Blue Ridge petitioned the new Congress to admit them as the State of Franklin. The actual boundary is defined by on-the-ground marks and monuments - physical indications such as blazes on trees or stones placed into the earth - that were made by the surveyors.
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