On 36 paired riparian and upland sites on the Lassen and Tahoe National Forests, only 9 paired sites had significantly different fire-return intervals (Fires in the spruce-birch and aspen ecosystems of interior Alaska are usually stand-replacing and often extensive [Near Rainbow Lake in Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta, a fire history study found charcoal evidence of at least 12 local fires in 840 years, with a mean return interval of 69 years. The wildfire had burned part of the fen prior to the study, and plots were established on sections of the burn that were "highly invaded by small to medium-sized individual alder shrubs". The easiest way of recognizing an alder tree is by its distinctive little fruiting body, called a strobile. Want to add your tree to our picture gallery? Two studies suggest that speckled alder responds similarly to fire and logging. Sampling was conducted in 4 early-successional speckled alder thickets. Six years after the Diamond Peak Wildfire Complex on the Payette National Forest, woody plant cover in thinleaf alder-dominated riparian communities was greatest on sites where fire severity was greatest (White-tailed deer and lagomorphs browse speckled alder [In cafeteria feeding trials in Wisconsin, captive ruffed grouse avoided speckled alder catkins, preferring those of quaking aspen and willows. The extant plant community is mixed hardwood-conifer. Millipedes browse fresh speckled alder leaf litter [Songbirds, grouse, and American woodcocks eat gray alder buds, seeds, and catkins (reviews by [Speckled alder is high in protein. Thinleaf alder sprouted from soil blocks where fire had been "intense", averaging 23% cover after 2 years in the greenhouse. Alder Trees of Alaska -Color denotes a tree that is rare or endangered. In central Europe, it is a colonist of alluvial land alongside mountain brooks and streams, occurring at elevations up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Speckled alder was the dominant shrub before and after the fire, with abundance at postfire year 10 exceeding its prefire cover and frequency. Overall, shrub height was more in postfire year 10 than before fire, primarily due to the rapid postfire growth of speckled alder and Rocky Mountain maple.
For cut-stump glyphosate treatments, either August or March application gave good control (79% and 93%, respectively). However, it does not require moist soil, and will also colonize screes and shallow stony slopes. On bare gravel bars of Meadow Creek on the Starkey Experimental Forest, Oregon, thinleaf alder established at lower densities (0.96 stem/50 m²) than sandbar willow and black cottonwood [Thinleaf alder shrub communities are initiated and maintained by disturbances that are often severe. In Douglas-fir forests on the Steamboat Creek Watershed in southwestern Oregon, mean fire-return intervals were longer in riparian than upland sites (37 vs. 31.5 years), but the difference was not significant. These include the moist slopes of coniferous forests, riparian areas, wet meadows and grasslands, and fen and bog margins [Regional descriptions of plant communities with thinleaf alder and site characteristics of thinleaf alder habitats follow.In the Rocky Mountains, thinleaf alder-dominated riparian communities tend to occur on an elevational gradient just above narrowleaf cottonwood (The following vegetation classifications describe plant communities, and some of their distinguishing site characteristics, where thinleaf alder is dominant or is a community type indicator. Studies of 4 speckled alder thickets in New York showed clones were randomly distributed, and clumps of single genotypes were not aggregated. It pioneers in forest communities of British Columbia, sometimes persisting in mature forests [A prescribed April fire top-killed most speckled alders in a study site on the Allegheny River floodplain of Pennsylvania. The March treatment was preferred, because it was more effective and accessibility was greater on the frozen winter ground than on the wet summer ground [Others suggest that excluding fire from riparian zones may be harmful in the long term. Prescribed fire may help control thinleaf alder and other woody invasives in freshwater wetlands [Thinleaf alder-dominated communities may recover more quickly than adjacent upland communities. Speckled alder was a component of the woody vegetation, although Sandberg's birch (Managers of the Lac St-Francois National Wildlife Area in Quebec found that neither a single wildfire nor mechanical treatment (double-cutting shoots) controlled speckled alder invasion on an acidic, water sedge-hairy sedge fen in the short term, while stump applications of herbicide reduced speckled alder but also reduced nontarget plants. Alaska: Thinleaf alder is reported on glacial shrublands (see Successional Status), riparian and wet-upland shrublands, and spruce-birch (Picea-Betula spp.) Study plots outside exclosures, which were subject to moose, elk, and mule deer foraging, did not contain thinleaf alder, Rocky Mountain maple (One study found midsized speckled alder sprouts suffered the least mortality among size classes. Many sources refer to it as Alnus viridis, the green alder, but botanically this is considered an illegitimate name synonymous with Alnus alnobetula subsp. Speckled alder is an early-successional species in these forests [The black spruce/speckled alder forest cover type of boreal North America is reportedly a stable type that regenerates into forests of similar composition after fire [As of 2011, almost no literature was available on fire regimes of pine or hardwood ecosystems of the Southeast where speckled alder formed a substantial component of the vegetation.
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